PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

A needle decompression converts what type of pneumothorax?

1. Spontaneous pneumothorax

2. Simple pneumothorax

3. Tension pneumothorax

4. Hydropneumothorax

The correct answer is: Tension pneumothorax

A needle decompression is specifically utilized to treat a tension pneumothorax, which is a life-threatening condition. In a tension pneumothorax, air becomes trapped in the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure that compresses the lungs and major blood vessels. This accumulation of air causes mediastinal shift, impaired respiratory mechanics, and can result in cardiovascular collapse if not promptly addressed. The procedure involves inserting a large-bore needle into the pleural space, typically in the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line, to release the trapped air and alleviate the increased pressure. This immediate intervention allows for re-expansion of the lung on the affected side and stabilizes the patient's condition. In contrast, spontaneous pneumothorax and simple pneumothorax do not inherently require needle decompression, as these conditions involve less pressure build-up and can often be managed with observation or other less invasive measures. Hydropneumothorax involves fluid and air in the pleural space, and while it may require drainage, it doesn’t necessitate needle decompression as a first-line treatment like a tension pneumothorax does. Thus, the identification of tension pneumothorax as the condition treated by