PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Nutcracker esophagus is also known as what?

1. Diffuse esophageal spasm

2. Hypertensive peristalsis

3. Achalasia

4. Reflux esophagitis

The correct answer is: Hypertensive peristalsis

Nutcracker esophagus is also known as hypertensive peristalsis, which describes the condition characterized by high-amplitude contractions of the esophagus during peristalsis. This results in significant chest pain and dysphagia. Patients typically experience episodic symptoms that resemble those of coronary artery disease, as the esophageal spasms can trigger severe discomfort. The term "hypertensive" refers specifically to the increased pressure and strength of the contractions seen in this condition. Understanding this term is important as it helps with the diagnosis and offers insight into the underlying pathophysiology of the esophagus in patients presenting with similar symptoms. The identification of nutcracker esophagus as hypertensive peristalsis is crucial in differentiating it from other esophageal disorders that present with dysphagia and chest pain, enabling more targeted treatment approaches.