PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What agent is used to reverse the effects of opioids?

Cyclizine
Flumazenil
Naloxone
Atropine

The correct answer is: Naloxone

Naloxone is the agent used to reverse the effects of opioids. It functions as an opioid antagonist by competitively binding to the same receptors in the brain that opioids affect, specifically the mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors. When naloxone is administered, it displaces the opioids from these receptors, rapidly reversing the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. This rapid action makes naloxone crucial in emergency situations where opioid overdose is suspected. Additionally, it has a relatively short half-life compared to many opioids, which means that it may need to be administered multiple times or in conjunction with other medical treatments if prolonged opioid effects are present. Other agents mentioned do not have the same role or mechanism as naloxone. For example, cyclizine is an antihistamine used for motion sickness and nausea; flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used for reversing benzodiazepine sedation, not opioids; and atropine is an anticholinergic medication primarily used to increase heart rate and decrease secretions. Therefore, naloxone stands out as the specific reversal agent for opioid effects.