PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What anatomical region does Chron's disease affect?

1. Only the colon

2. Mouth to anus

3. Only the small intestine

4. Only the rectum

The correct answer is: Mouth to anus

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. This comprehensive pathogenic trait distinguishes Crohn's from other forms of inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis, which predominantly affects the colon and rectum. The disease typically causes inflammation in the wall of the gut, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition. The transmural nature of Crohn's disease means that it can penetrate through multiple layers of the bowel wall, potentially affecting any section of the digestive tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and even the perianal area. This extensive potential involvement is critical in understanding the disease’s variable presentation and the need for a tailored approach to management. By recognizing that Crohn's disease can affect the entire GI tract—from the oral cavity to the anal verge—clinicians can better monitor and treat the complications that arise from its diverse manifestations.