PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What defines chronic kidney disease?

1. Sudden kidney failure

2. Kidney damage or decreased kidney function

3. Congenital renal abnormalities

4. Transient proteinuria

The correct answer is: Kidney damage or decreased kidney function

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined primarily by the presence of kidney damage or decreased kidney function that persists for a duration of three months or longer. This can be evaluated through various means such as laboratory tests that measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and examine urinary abnormalities. The key aspect of CKD is its progressive nature, which typically leads to an eventual decline in kidney function if not managed appropriately. In contrast, sudden kidney failure refers to acute kidney injury, which occurs rapidly and is not associated with the prolonged course characteristic of chronic conditions. Congenital renal abnormalities may lead to kidney dysfunction, but having such abnormalities does not automatically indicate that an individual has chronic kidney disease unless there is significant, sustained damage or functional impairment. Transient proteinuria can be a sign of many conditions, including temporary effects from exercise or illness, but it does not necessarily indicate chronic kidney damage or dysfunction if the proteinuria resolves. Thus, the defining feature of chronic kidney disease is the combination of sustained kidney damage or a decrease in functional capacity, which reflects the long-term health of the kidneys.