PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What does hydrop's of the gallbladder indicate?

1. Chronic inflammation of the liver

2. Complete obstruction of the cystic duct

3. Infection of the gallbladder

4. Presence of gallstones only

The correct answer is: Complete obstruction of the cystic duct

Hydrops of the gallbladder, also known as cystic duct obstruction or gallbladder distention, indicates that there is a complete obstruction of the cystic duct, which is the duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct. When the cystic duct is blocked, bile cannot flow out of the gallbladder, leading to an accumulation of bile and subsequent distention of the gallbladder. This condition often arises from conditions like gallstones or strictures that impede the normal flow of bile. In this situation, bile continues to be produced by the liver, but it cannot exit the gallbladder, causing it to enlarge and potentially leading to further complications such as cholecystitis if the obstruction persists or if infection occurs. Recognizing the signs of gallbladder distention is crucial in surgical decision-making, as timely intervention may prevent more severe pathological changes. The other options provided do not directly relate to the distinct description and implications of hydrop's of the gallbladder. Chronic inflammation of the liver does not specifically cause gallbladder distention; infection of the gallbladder typically occurs after a prolonged period of obstruction or in the presence of stones but is not the defining characteristic of hydrop's.