PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is a common complication of a skull fracture related to epidural hematoma?

1. Cerebral edema

2. Damage to cranial nerves

3. Hemorrhage from meningeal arteries

4. Infection

The correct answer is: Hemorrhage from meningeal arteries

The development of an epidural hematoma is commonly associated with skull fractures, particularly those that involve the temporal bone. An epidural hematoma occurs when there is tearing of the meningeal arteries, which are located on the inner surface of the skull. The rupture of these arteries leads to the accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater, resulting in the hematoma. As blood collect in this space, it creates pressure on the brain, which can lead to serious consequences such as loss of consciousness, neurological deficits, or even brain herniation if not promptly treated. This mechanism clearly illustrates the link between skull fractures and the risk of arterial hemorrhage, making it a pivotal aspect in the management of head trauma. While cerebral edema, damage to cranial nerves, and infection are also potential complications that can arise from head injuries, they are not directly related to the formation of an epidural hematoma. Cerebral edema usually occurs from diffuse brain injury and not directly from a specific skull fracture. Damage to cranial nerves can happen due to other types of trauma but is not a primary concern in the context of epidural hematomas. Infection can occur after any open head injury but is not a direct complication of an epidural hematoma