PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is a common presentation of bleeding into the bronchial tree?

Hematuria
Hemoptysis
Hemorrhagic shock
Pneumothorax

The correct answer is: Hemoptysis

Bleeding into the bronchial tree typically presents as hemoptysis, which is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained sputum from the respiratory tract. This condition occurs due to a variety of causes, including infections, malignancies, or trauma affecting the bronchial vasculature. The presence of blood in the airway indicates that the source is likely pulmonary, making hemoptysis the most relevant clinical presentation for this scenario. In contrast, hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine, which is not related to the bronchial tree. Hemorrhagic shock is a state of profound tissue hypoperfusion that may occur due to significant blood loss but does not directly indicate bleeding into the bronchial tree. Pneumothorax involves air trapped in the pleural space, and while it can cause respiratory distress and may lead to a range of complications, it is unrelated to direct bleeding in the bronchial system.