PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is a recommended treatment for calcium stones?

Reduce dietary sodium
Increase protein intake
Alkalinize urine
Use of long term antibiotics

The correct answer is: Reduce dietary sodium

Reducing dietary sodium is indeed a recommended treatment for calcium stones. High sodium intake has been associated with increased urinary calcium excretion, which can lead to the formation of calcium stones. By lowering sodium intake, you help decrease the amount of calcium excreted in the urine, thereby reducing the risk of stone formation. In contrast, increasing protein intake could potentially elevate urinary calcium levels and contribute to stone formation, particularly from animal protein sources. Alkalinizing urine can be beneficial in specific types of stone disease, such as uric acid stones, but it is not generally the primary recommendation for calcium stones. The use of long-term antibiotics is not a direct treatment for calcium stones; it may be considered for recurrent urinary tract infections but does not address the underlying issue of stone formation. Therefore, reducing dietary sodium is a key dietary modification to help manage and prevent calcium stone formation.