PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is the most severe form of immediate drug hypersensitivity?

  1. Type II hypersensitivity

  2. Type I hypersensitivity

  3. Type III hypersensitivity

  4. Type IV hypersensitivity

The correct answer is: Type I hypersensitivity

The most severe form of immediate drug hypersensitivity is Type I hypersensitivity. This type of hypersensitivity is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and typically involves an immediate reaction to allergens. Upon first exposure to an allergen, IgE antibodies are produced and bind to mast cells and basophils. Upon subsequent exposures to the same allergen, these cells release potent mediators such as histamine, leading to rapid and severe allergic reactions. Type I hypersensitivity encompasses reactions such as anaphylaxis, which is characterized by symptoms like urticaria (hives), angioedema, difficulty breathing due to airway constriction, and cardiovascular collapse. The swift onset of these symptoms, often within minutes of exposure to the triggering substance, exemplifies the immediacy of this hypersensitivity reaction. In contrast, the other types of hypersensitivity reactions—Type II, Type III, and Type IV—are not classified as "immediate." Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG or IgM antibodies and is more associated with cytotoxic actions that can take hours to days to manifest. Type III hypersensitivity involves the formation of immune complexes and can lead to conditions such as serum sickness, taking days for symptoms to appear. Lastly, Type