PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What post-operative complication can occur if there is an anastomotic leak?

1. Peritonitis

2. Wound infection

3. Pneumonia

4. UTI

The correct answer is: Peritonitis

An anastomotic leak refers to a failure of the surgical connection between two hollow organs, often seen after procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract. When this type of leak occurs, it can lead to the leakage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. The presence of these contents in the peritoneal space can cause severe inflammation and infection, resulting in peritonitis. Peritonitis is a serious condition characterized by the inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. It can develop quickly and is associated with signs of acute abdomen, such as severe abdominal pain, fever, and potentially sepsis. Early diagnosis and management are critical, as peritonitis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly. While wound infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections are important post-operative complications, they are not directly caused by an anastomotic leak. Instead, they have different etiologies and risk factors unrelated to the failure of an intestinal anastomosis. Understanding the implications of an anastomotic leak is essential for recognizing the potential for peritonitis and the need for immediate intervention.