PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What type of defect defines an umbilical hernia?

A defect larger than 3 cm
A defect in the epigastric area
Less than 1 cm defect in the abdominal wall
Any size defect within Hesselbach's Triangle

The correct answer is: Less than 1 cm defect in the abdominal wall

An umbilical hernia is characterized by a defect in the abdominal wall at the site of the umbilicus, which usually measures less than 1 cm in size. This defect arises when a portion of the abdominal contents, often fatty tissue or intestine, protrudes through this weak area. While larger defects can lead to different types of hernias, the defining feature of an umbilical hernia is specifically its smaller size. Umbilical hernias are commonly found in infants but can also occur in adults, and they are often observed as a bulge around the umbilicus, particularly when coughing or straining. The context of this information helps to understand that the size classification is critical in distinguishing umbilical hernias from other types of hernias, which may present with larger defect sizes or in different anatomical locations. Hence, a defect less than 1 cm is specific to umbilical hernias.