PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What type of lung carcinoma is notably associated with paraneoplastic syndromes?

Adenocarcinoma
Non-small cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma

The correct answer is: Small cell carcinoma

Small cell carcinoma is notably associated with paraneoplastic syndromes due to its origin from neuroendocrine cells and the various bioactive substances it produces. This type of lung carcinoma is known to secrete hormones and other substances that can lead to systemic effects, which are classified as paraneoplastic syndromes. For instance, patients with small cell lung cancer may experience symptoms like hypercalcemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) secretion, or inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, leading to hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The strong association of small cell carcinoma with these syndromes sets it apart from other types of lung cancer, which may be linked to paraneoplastic effects but to a lesser extent. Adenocarcinoma, non-small cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma have their own paraneoplastic manifestations but are not as predominantly associated with these complex syndromic presentations as small cell carcinoma. Recognizing this association is crucial, as it can influence the management and therapeutic approaches for patients presenting with these symptoms.