PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What vascular condition can be an underlying cause of claudication?

1. Deep vein thrombosis

2. Chronic venous insufficiency

3. Peripheral arterial disease

4. Aortic dissection

The correct answer is: Peripheral arterial disease

Claudication is typically characterized by pain, cramping, or discomfort in the legs or buttocks during physical activity, which is relieved by rest. This occurs due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles, primarily during exertion when oxygen demands increase. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the limbs become narrowed or blocked due to atherosclerosis. This reduced blood flow can lead to claudication, as the affected muscles cannot receive enough oxygen during physical activities. In fact, PAD is the most common vascular cause of claudication, making it the correct answer in this case. Other conditions listed, such as deep vein thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency, primarily affect venous circulation, which can lead to different symptoms like swelling or discoloration of the limbs rather than claudication due to arterial compromise. Aortic dissection involves a tear in the aorta and can lead to catastrophic consequences, but does not directly relate to claudication as it affects the aorta rather than peripheral arterial supply specifically. Thus, the clear relationship between PAD and claudication solidifies it as the correct choice.