PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

Which two conditions are commonly associated with dehydration?

1. Diabetes insipidus and heart failure

2. Diabetes insipidus and fever with increased water loss

3. Fever with increased water loss and renal failure

4. Urinary tract infection and diabetes mellitus

The correct answer is: Diabetes insipidus and fever with increased water loss

The selection of diabetes insipidus and fever with increased water loss as conditions commonly associated with dehydration is grounded in their physiological effects on the body’s water balance. Diabetes insipidus leads to significant dehydration due to its characteristic inability to concentrate urine, resulting in excessive urination (polyuria). As a consequence, individuals can lose large volumes of water rapidly, which can lead to dehydration if fluid intake does not compensate for these losses. This condition disrupts the body's normal hormonal regulation of water retention, particularly the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Fever with increased water loss also contributes to dehydration. When a person has a fever, their body temperature elevates in response to infection or illness, escalating metabolic processes and resulting in increased sweating and respiratory water loss. This heightened rate of fluid loss, if not appropriately managed with increased fluid intake, can precipitate dehydration. Together, these two conditions create an environment where the body is at an increased risk of dehydration, making the selection a logical representation of conditions that can lead to this state.